Adolf Busch

Adolf Busch

Adolf Georg Wilhelm Busch (8 August 1891 – 9 June 1952) was a German-Swiss violinist, conductor, and composer.

Busch was born in Siegen in Westphalia. He studied at the Cologne Conservatory with Willy Hess and Bram Eldering. His composition teacher was Fritz Steinbach but he also learned much from his future father-in-law Hugo Grüters in Bonn.

In 1912, Busch founded the Vienna Konzertverein Quartet, consisting of the principals from the Konzertverein orchestra, which made its debut at the 1913 Salzburg Festival. After World War I, he founded the Busch Quartet, which from the 1920–21 season included Gösta Andreasson, violin, Karl Doktor, viola, and Paul Grümmer, cello. The quartet was in existence with varying personnel until 1951.

The additional member of the circle was Rudolf Serkin, who became Busch's duo partner at 18 and eventually married Busch's daughter, Irene, 1935 in Basel. The Busch Quartet and Serkin became the nucleus of the Busch Chamber Players, founded in Basel, a forerunner of modern chamber orchestras.

In 1927, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Busch decided he could not in good conscience stay in Germany, so he emigrated to Basel, Switzerland. Busch was not Jewish and was popular in Germany, but firmly opposed Nazism from the beginning. On 1 April 1933, he repudiated Germany altogether and in 1938, he boycotted Italy. As the Nazis tried to convince him to return to Germany, he declared that he would "return with joy on the day that Hitler, Goebbels und Göring are publicly hanged." In 1935, he became a Swiss citizen of Riehen, Basel. During 12 years in Basel and besides his many concerts around the world, he founded a chamber orchestra in Basel, was a co-founder of the Lucerne Festival in 1938, together with Arturo Toscanini and his conducting brother Fritz Busch, and taught many students in Basel, among them Yehudi Menuhin. On the outbreak of World War II, Busch emigrated from Basel to the United States in 1939, where he eventually settled in Vermont. There, he was one of the founders with Rudolf Serkin of the Marlboro Music School and Festival.

The Busch Quartet was particularly admired for its interpretations of Brahms, Schubert, and above all Beethoven. It made a series of recordings in the 1930s that included many of these composers' works for string quartet. In 1941, it set down three Beethoven quartets that it had not previously recorded, including Opus 130. The Busch Quartet never recorded the Grosse Fuge, Opus 133; an arrangement was recorded by the Busch Chamber Players, with Busch leading from the first violin desk.

Busch was a great soloist, as well as a chamber musician, and live recordings exist of him playing the Beethoven, Brahms, Dvorák and Busoni Concertos, as well as the Brahms Double Concerto. In the studio he recorded concertos and chamber orchestra performances of Bach and Mozart, and of the Concerti grossi, op.6 by Handel; his recordings of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos brought them to prominence[4] after many years of relative obscurity. He had a highly individual tone and great technique. Among his students were Stefi Geyer, Erica Morini and Yehudi Menuhin.

As a composer, Busch was influenced by Max Reger. He was among the first to compose a Concerto for Orchestra, in 1929. A number of his compositions have been recorded, including the Violin Concerto (A minor, opus 20, published 1922), String Sextet (G major, opus 40), Quintet for Saxophone and String Quartet, and several large scale works for organ. Regarding the latter, Busch once remarked that if he could come back after his death he would like to return as an organist.

He was the son of the luthier Wilhelm Busch; brother of the conductor Fritz Busch, the cellist Hermann Busch, the pianist Heinrich Busch and the actor Willi Busch, and grandfather of the pianist Peter Serkin. An exhaustive two-volume biography of Busch by Tully Potter was published in 2010 by Toccata Press. In November 2015, Warner Classics released a 16-CD collection of Busch's recordings of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms, and other composers.

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Adolf Busch

Adolf Busch

Adolf Georg Wilhelm Busch (8 August 1891 – 9 June 1952) was a German-Swiss violinist, conductor, and composer.

Busch was born in Siegen in Westphalia. He studied at the Cologne Conservatory with Willy Hess and Bram Eldering. His composition teacher was Fritz Steinbach but he also learned much from his future father-in-law Hugo Grüters in Bonn.

In 1912, Busch founded the Vienna Konzertverein Quartet, consisting of the principal...

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10 albums
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BEETHOVEN Violin Sonata No. 1 (1937)*
BEETHOVEN Violin Sonata No. 5, “Spring” (1937)*
BEETHOVEN Violin Sonata No. 8 (1943 & 1948*)
BEETHOVEN Violin Sonata No. 9, “Kreutzer” (1944)*
BEETHOVEN Violin Sonata No 10 (1950)
*first release

Live recordings, 1937-50
Total duration: 2hr 15:23

Adolf Busch violin
Rudolf Serkin piano

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BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 1
BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 5
BEETHOVEN Violin Concerto - Live & Studio recordings
BEETHOVEN Egmont Overture
BEETHOVEN Symphony No. 3 - Scherzo (bonus track)

Live and studio recordings, 1919-1950
Total duration: 2hr 28:56

Adolf Busch, violin
Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra
Orchester des Württembergischen Landes-Theaters
(bonus track)
conducted by Fritz Busch

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SCHUMANN Piano Concerto (first release)
BUSONI Violin Sonata No. 2 (first release)
BEETHOVEN Piano Sonata No. 23, 'Appassionata'

Studio and Live recordings, 1936-40
Total duration: 72:21

Rudolf Serkin, piano
Adolf Busch,
violin
London Philharmonic Orchestra
conducted by Julius Harrison

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BRAHMS Violin Concerto
DVOŘÁK  Violin Concerto

Live recordings, 1942-44
Total duration:  73:08

Adolf Busch, violin
New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra
conducted by William Steinberg
National Orchestral Association
conducted by Léon Barzin
NBC Symphony Orchestra
conducted by Frank Black

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MOZART Violin Concerto No. 4
MOZART Violin Concerto No. 5
MOZART Piano Concerto No. 14
MOZART Symphony No. 34
MOZART Serenade No. 6 'Serenata notturna'
MOZART Adagio and Fugue in C minor
Additional music by Beethoven, Gabrieli, Purcell, Schütz, Stafford Smith

Live and studio recordings, 1937-51
Total duration: 2hr 28:02

Adolf Busch, violin
Rudolf Serkin, piano
Busch Chamber Players
Orquesta de cámara de la Asociación Amigos de la Música
directed and conducted by Adolf Busch

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BRAHMS Horn Trio
BRAHMS String Quartet No. 1
BRAHMS Violin Sonata No. 1
BRAHMS Clarinet Quintet

Studio and live recordings, 1933-1951
Total duration: 1hr 59:03

Adolf Busch, violin
Aubrey Brain, horn
Rudolf Serkin, piano
Reginald Kell, clarinet
Busch String Quartet

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BRAHMS Piano Quartet No. 1
BRAHMS String Sextet No. 1

Live concert recordings, 1949
Total duration: 70:36

Busch Quartet
Adolf Busch, Bruno Straumann, violins
Hugo Gottesmann, viola
Herman Busch, cello

with Rudolf Serkin, piano
Albert Bertschmann, viola
August Wenzinger, cello